Analisis Ancaman Banjir Pada Wilayah Kecamatan Tondano Timur Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

Abstract

Flooding is one of the most frequent hydrometeorological disasters, particularly in lowland areas such as Tondano Timur District, triggered by biophysical conditions and changes in land use patterns. This study aims to analyze the flood threat levels in Tondano Timur District, Minahasa Regency, using a spatial approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The flood threat is analyzed using five main parameters, namely slope, soil type, land use, rainfall, and distance from the river. Each parameter was assigned a score and weight, and then integrated using the overlay method in ArcGIS 10.8.1 to produce a flood threat classification map. The results show that, out of a total area of 1,815.24 hectares, the moderate flood threat category dominates with 52.82%, followed by high threat at 46.27%, and only 0.88% categorized as low. High flood threat levels exhibit significant spatial concentrations in specific areas, particularly in the villages of Taler, Wengkol, and Liningaan, which recorded the largest affected areas compared to other villages in Tondano Timur. These findings highlight the importance of spatial data integration in identifying flood-prone areas as a foundation for disaster mitigation and sustainable spatial planning. GIS has proven effective as a decision-support tool in local-level disaster risk management. Therefore, strengthening adaptive capacity and risk-based spatial management represents a strategic approach to reducing flood impacts.