HYMES’ S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G ANALYSIS ON THE EXPRESSIONS USED IN KABASARAN DANCE

This study was conducted for the following purposes, firstly, identifying the elements of S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G analysis that is found in Kabasaran Dance, secondly, identifying verbal and non-verbal expressions used in Kabasaran Dance and the last is explaining the meaning of those expressions. And it was delimited to Kabasaran dance which used Tombulu language. In conducting this research, descriptive method was used, since the matter of fact that the data are collected in the form of words. This research is classified as a qualitative research, since the data were collected in the form of words, sentences, and expressions, not numbers. The subject of this research is Kabasaran Dance. Specifically, about the expressions that is used by dancers of Kabasaran Dance. The informant was taken from Wailan Village, and the status of the informat is leader of Sanggar Seni Mahsambureyrey Organization. Based on the research conducted in the expressions used in Kabasaran Dance, the data could be concluded that the expressions used in Kabasaran Dance consists of twenty four words, which is each word has a different meaning and it is mostly refers to the commands given by leader of Kabasaran dance. Through this data presented above, it can be improve the reader’s knowledge about Kabasaran Dance. It was suggested that language learners especially the students, should understand the object and the data source to analyze communication utterance using S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G analysis by Dell Hymes.


RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter discussed the method of the research which is applied in this study. This chapter includes the research design, subject of the research, technique of data collecting, and data analysis. Those points were discussed in the following sub chapters.

Research Design
In conducting this research, 1. Native speaker of the language.
2. Adults who still actively speak the language.
4. Having good social relationship.

Technique of Data Collecting
The data are collected through interviewing, and note taking. In

Data Analysis
The data were analyzed according to

Dance
The collected data were in Tombulu language that is used in • Sumosoi = Mundur dan menjaga jarak = Step back and keep the distance.

Ends
• To entertain audience.
The dancers perform the dance beautifully to amaze the guest.
• To give commands The Tonaas gives his commands to the dancers while dancing, for example: Malongkawitan, etc.
• To persuade and advice The Tonaas invites the dancers to pray and to take care themselves, for example:
• To express feelings (such as anger, affect) The dancers perform the dance with fierce face, screaming, anger, etc.
• To give honor The dancers are instructed to give honor to guests, for example: Sumigi.

Act Sequence
The Kabasaran Dance consists of three stages such as opening, middle and closing stage.

Opening stage
The opening stage of Kabasaran Dance can be seen from the first interactions when the leader started giving commands and encourages to all dancers. It can be seen from the following utterances.
(All dancers are ready in the place where they are going to perform) • The leader : Sumosoi (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to step back and keep the distance one another).
• All dancers : I Yayat U Santi (while dancing and playing the shield, it aims at encouraging one another).
• The leader : Malongkawitan (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers, they were must be crossing one each other).
• The leader : Masaruan (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to face one another).
• The leader : Sumigi (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers in order to give an honor to audience). • The leader : Wangun ankelung (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to be ready to start the dance).

The opening stage of Kabasaran
Dance refers to the preparation to begin the dance, in this case the leader will give commands to set up the position of each dancer and give an honor to audience.
The situations become tense and serious.

Middle Stage
The middle stage of Kabasaran Dance can be seen from the situation when the dances begin. It can be seen from the following explanation of the performance. When the dance begins, the leader will search and point a couple of the dancers in order to fight. And after that, the leader will give a sign using a shield and sword to dancers who has been chosen to start fighting.
When the situation of fighting become heated and serious, the leader will stop the fight and separate the dancers who fought, and give commands to return back to previous position.

Closing Stage
The closing stage of Kabasaran Dance can be seen after fighting situation, when the leader is giving commands to close the dance. And the situation changes from serious situation become peaceful situation. It can be seen from the following interaction.
• The leader : Reta' ankelung (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to release the shield).
• The leader : Makateren (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to stand up straight).
• The leader : Lalaya'an (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to dance without shield). giving commands and expressing feelings, that can be seen from the following example : -The leader : "Sumosoi" (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to step back and keep the distance one another).
-The dancers : Step back and keep the distance one another.
-The leader : "Malongkawitan" (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers, to cross one another).
-The dancers : Cross one another.
-The leader : "Masaruan" (The dancers are commanded by Tonaas to face one another).
-The dancers : Face one another.
-The leader : "Sumigi'" (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to give honor to guests).
-The dancers : Give honor.
-The leader : "Moka'" (The dancers are instructed to clap their hands once).
-The dancers : Clap their hands.
-The leader : "Wangun ankelung" (Tonaas is giving command to all dancers to be ready to start the dance). -